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ADHD in Adults – Treatment Options ADHD is a prevalent disorder of the nervous system that affects around 4,4% of the population. It is accompanied by high rates of comorbidity (depression anxiety, anxiety, and addiction to drugs) and significant emotional, social, and occupational impairments. Both psychotherapy and medication are effective treatments for adults with ADHD. The most frequently prescribed medications are stimulants such as methylphenidate or amphetamine. Medicines Many people who suffer from ADHD have seen significant improvement in their symptoms and functioning in response to medication. Due to the various ways people respond to medications it is crucial for people with ADHD to discover a combination that is effective. Adults with ADHD are prescribed stimulants, such as amphetamines and methylphenidate. They are available in immediate-release (short-acting) tablet or liquid form, and can be taken as often as every three to four hours. Some adults may supplement an immediate-release dose with an extended-release or long-acting medication that is taken daily to lessen the need for frequent dosing throughout the day. Adults with ADHD are also treated effectively with antidepressants, like desipramine. This class of drugs may be utilized together with stimulants or alone to enhance their effects. However, they could increase the risk of serious cardiovascular side effects such as rapid heartbeat, EKG changes, and orthostatic hypotension. Adults with ADHD can also be treated with alprazolam and clonidine, which are both Alpha-2 adrenergic antagonists. These medications were initially created to treat hypertension. They are calming and can help improve focus and decrease hyperactivity and impulseivity in certain adults. These medications can lead to very low blood pressure if they suddenly stop, or the dosage is reduced. Psychotherapy is also useful for adults with ADHD. Individual therapy helps those with ADHD deal with feelings of shame, embarrassment, and resentment towards co-workers and supervisors, teachers, and family members that may criticize or nag them. Additionally counseling for families and marriages can help couples suffering from ADHD be able to recognize each other's challenges and improve communication. Recommended Looking at of psychosocial therapy for adults ADHD is to teach strategies and skills that help improve function in everyday life. Psychotherapy can also help people who suffer from ADHD to overcome the low self-esteem and sense of inadequacy that can be a result of this condition. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), also known as cognitive behavioral therapy, assists people to change negative thoughts and emotions that cause difficulties in their lives. It helps them learn new ways to think, feel and behave. This short-term and goal-oriented therapy has been shown to be effective in treating various illnesses, such as depression and anxiety. It can be used in conjunction with other treatments or by itself. CBT could include group therapy, which is particularly beneficial for people with ADHD because it gives the opportunity to interact with other people who are facing similar issues and discover how other people manage their ADHD symptoms. It can be delivered in person or over the phone. One study examined the effects of CBT in comparison to standard therapy for adults with ADHD and discovered that both treatments resulted in improvement in self-report assessments of functioning, symptoms, and quality of life. Numerous studies have evaluated CBT with other psychosocial treatments for people with ADHD and have all shown significant reductions in self-reported ADHD symptoms, with medium to large effect size. These improvements were associated with diverse approaches that include cognitive and interpersonal behavioral therapy, social skill training, problem-solving training and mindfulness meditation. It is crucial to evaluate the efficacy between different treatments for adults with ADHD with caution. It is likely that different outcomes of the treatments reflect a number of variables that include the characteristics of the treatment, the measures used and the background of the patient. There are few studies that have investigated the effectiveness neurofeedback. This method involves wearing a hat with electrodes while performing cognitive tasks to identify brain areas where there is a lack or excess of activity. The person then learns to control these patterns. Counseling Many people suffering from ADHD have anxiety or mood disorders that require treatment. Counseling can help address these issues, which could contribute to ADHD symptoms. Interpersonal therapy is among the psychotherapy methods which can improve a person’s ability to resolve conflicts and build meaningful relationships. Cognitive behavioral therapy seeks to transform negative behaviors and help manage impulsive and self-destructive behaviors which can lead to issues at work or school. In certain cases psychotherapy can be utilized as an adjunct to medication for adult ADHD treatment for adults. People who have comorbid conditions such as bipolar disorder, and addiction to drugs must be assessed carefully to make sure they don't have symptoms that cannot be improved by the medication used to treat ADHD. Patients with certain medical conditions such as thyroid disorders, lead poisoning and a history of seizures, must be treated more aggressively as they are more at risk of complications from medication. When ADHD is severe enough to interfere with daily functioning and quality-of-life, intensive outpatient programs may be suggested. These programs offer an organized therapy that is more intense than the traditional outpatient psychotherapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of cognitive therapy, aids people with ADHD to improve their ability to manage time planning, impulse control and executive function. It teaches them to recognize and express their emotions and utilizes exercises and worksheets to make the lessons interesting. The practice of mindfulness meditation can enhance CBT and improves the ability of a person's ability to concentrate and regulate emotions. It also increases a person's ability to tolerate the effects of stress and arousal. It helps them deal with anger, sadness and other difficult emotions which could be contributing to their ADHD. Occupational Therapy Adults suffering from ADHD have issues functioning at work and at home. In addition to affecting their work performance, these issues can interfere with relationships and could cause financial problems. Therapy that addresses these issues can help you increase self-esteem, address underlying problems and establish healthy coping mechanisms. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a successful treatment for adults suffering from ADHD, as it helps them to alter their negative attitudes and behaviours. In particular, it concentrates on teaching you to employ strategies to manage your time and eliminate thinking distortions that contribute to negative moods and the perception of a limited range of choices. Many people suffering from ADHD suffer from anxiety or depression disorders that are comorbid. These psychiatric conditions can cause or diminish the effectiveness of some medications used to treat ADHD. Therefore, it is recommended to first treat the most severe comorbid condition and then monitor the reaction to the medication prior treating the other disorder. Occupational therapy can teach you methods to organize your life and work, create regular routines, manage your time and money and build confidence in yourself. It can also help you learn relaxation techniques that could decrease your impulsivity and hyperactivity. Yoga and other exercises can also help you improve focus by stabilizing your body in different poses. Family and marriage counseling can help adults with ADHD to resolve the issues they cause their children, spouses and others. They frequently complain of being unstable, unorganized, forgetful and often prone to making impulsive choices. You can strengthen your relationships by teaching your spouses and other family members about ADHD. Furthermore it can help you and your loved ones realize that these issues are due to the patient's ADHD instead of the lack of compassion or refusing to cooperate. Clinical Trials Adult ADHD is a prevalent neurobiological disorder. It is often associated with other disorders that are comorbid, such as depression, anxiety and substance abuse disorders. The use of medication and psychosocial interventions is available as treatment options. There are a variety of medication options for adults suffering from ADHD. Some of these medications have been tested in studies. These studies have highlighted both the strengths and weaknesses of the medication. Adults who suffer from ADHD experience the same symptoms as children, but it can be difficult to identify them since the symptoms of childhood may not persist until adulthood. Additionally, people with ADHD may not have a history of the disorder in their families or they may not remember having symptoms. A thorough medical history is important to help determine whether the symptoms are due to an illness such as thyroid issues or sleep apnea, issues with vision and hearing or lead poisoning. Adults suffering from ADHD are treated with stimulants or nonstimulants. Stimulants are the most effective medication for adults suffering from ADHD, and their responsiveness rates are in the 70%-80 percent range. Amphetamine as well as methylphenidate are the most commonly prescribed stimulants. Methylphenidate is also accessible as a transdermal solution, which allows for a continuous medication delivery throughout the day. Adults suffering from ADHD can take nonstimulant medications that work by affecting norepinephrine or dopamine. Desipramine is one of the most studied tricyclic drug and has been proven to be effective in adult patients suffering from ADHD. It is a low dose drug and is recommended to increase the dose by 50 mg every seven days until the desired effect is observed. Bupropion XL is a different antidepressant, has been shown to work in adults with ADHD. It is a dopamine agonist that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine at the presynaptic receptor, thereby increasing its availability in the brain. The drug has been proven to improve mood and reduce hyperactivity in adults, but it is not as effective as stimulants when it comes to improving cognitive performance or concentration.